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the God we know the God of the Western
world the god of Judaism Christianity
and Islam as a history modern evidence
indicates that if you read the Bible as
it is currently presented by modern
religion especially if you are reading
an English translation you aren't
reading the real story what you're
reading is an edited version of that
history with additions and modifications
that present that story in a different
way than the evidence indicates it
actually happened according to the Bible
thus God is always existed in the Scott
predated not only human beings but the
universe itself according to the
evidence thus God began evolving from
human ideas originating from fourteen
thousand years ago and didn't become the
One God of monotheism until two thousand
six hundred years ago in 600 BCE if you
want to know the story that the evidence
presents the story understood and
supported by the majority of religious
studies professors archaeologists and
anthropologists the place to begin is
not the Bible it is the ANU malice the
babylonian creation story which was
discovered by archaeologists in the
library of Ashurbanipal and dated to
have originally been written in about
1750 BCE as this creation story
demonstrates almost all religions in
mesopotamia at that time were
polytheistic there is no trace of the
existence of monotheistic Judaism at
this time in the Anu Malik Marduk
champion of the Babylonian gods defeats
chaos in the form of the dragon time at
and then together the Babylonian gods
formed the world in the babylonian story
the primordial world is described as
formless and void also in the babylonian
story
light the firmament dry land the Sun and
Moon and mankind are created in order
these details are important because as
we will see 1150 years later when the
Israelites are exiled to Babylon these
details become edited into both the Book
of Isaiah
and the story of Genesis as its first
chapter the first chapter of the entire
Hebrew Torah and Christian Bible our
next point of interest is the Canaanite
religion which archeologists have
reconstructed from clay tablets found in
nugara an ancient port city in Syria and
whose stories are dated to have
originally been written before 1200 BCE
the Canaanites were also polytheistic of
the many gods of the Canaanites worship
three in particular are important to the
rest of the story
they are El Elyon whose name means
literally God Most High and who is
believed to have been the father of the
other guns Ashera lle ons wife and Belle
who was both god of storms and fertility
the God Yahweh of Israel and the culture
of Israel itself still show no signs of
existence in the archaeological record
yet sometime over the next 500 years the
culture of Israel must have evolved
because it is at this time from 950 to
850 BCE that the contemporaries J and D
began writing their independent accounts
of the history of the people of Israel
which would later be combined into a
single story beginning in Genesis
chapter 2 none of what JRE writes aligns
with the accounts of the Babylonians or
Canaanites whose accounts predated them
by hundreds of years because of this and
because of the nature of the stories
told the most reasonable inference
appears to be that these accounts were
entirely mythical stories that the
Israelites used to explain the world
around them and find meaning in its
cultural climate but that all changes at
Genesis chapter 12 with the story of
Abraham it is here that we finally find
a connection with the religion of the
Canaanites we can see in the Hebrew
version of the Torah that Abraham is
said to worship el shaddai one of the
names for the Canaanite god el elyon
Abraham interacts with El Elyon in very
personal ways that mirror the other
pagan religions of the time for example
in Genesis 18 El Elyon visits Abraham in
human form and talks to him in person
his descendant Jacob has similar
where he climbs to the top of the ladder
to heaven and talks to El Elyon in a
dream later Jacob wrestles with El Elyon
also from the Hebrew text we can see the
based on these experiences Jacob makes
El Elyon his Elohim which is the term
from the Canaanite religion which meant
Jacob was making El Elyon
his primary God the only way that the
usage of this term makes sense is if
Jacob believed that El Elyon was just
one god of many and that Jacob was
committing to this one God in order to
receive special protection in other
words it becomes clear from the terms
used in the god they worshiped the
Abraham Isaac and Jacob were polytheists
were pagans just like their pagan
contemporaries in Canaan and Babylon the
worship of El Elyon fades from the
Hebrew text as we enter Exodus where he
is replaced by Yahweh who is said to
rescue the Hebrews from slavery in Egypt
the story of Exodus particularly in its
modern interpretation in the animated
film the Prince of Egypt depicts ancient
Egyptians as the ultimate
viciously enslaving an entire race for
the sole purpose of erecting colossal
monuments to their own glory while it is
a moving story of triumph and
deliverance from oppressive
circumstances on a historical level it
contradicts the modern archaeological
evidence that we have for the inner
workings of ancient Egyptian culture
particularly their slave ownership
practices modern archaeological evidence
indicates that the workers who built all
of the large monuments in Egypt from
pyramids to Sphinx's were well-paid
Egyptian citizens who were given good
housing fed well given good medical care
and given honorable burials further
while like many ancient civilizations
the Egyptians did own some slaves
there's no evidence that they ever owned
the magnitude purported by the Bible or
otherwise systematically enslaved an
entire race while the account of Exodus
appears to have been largely mythical
it's telling nonetheless reveals the
polytheistic world views of JND
after the Hebrews are rescued by Yahweh
from the Egyptians we can see even in
the English translations of Exodus that
they sing who is like you among gods
Yahweh and now I know that Yahweh is
greater than all of the gods
Exodus also stablish Yahweh is Israel's
war God calling him a great warrior who
delivered them from Egypt as the Torah
progresses its polytheistic nature
compounds after arriving in the promised
land no longer in need of help in war
but rather desiring to prosper in peace
the Israelites begin to worship once
again the Canaanite fertility gods bel
and Ashera before reading a history of
god verses like this made no sense to me
in the English translation of the Bible
the Hebrews are presented as choosing
between the Lord Bale and a Shira how
could the Hebrews be such idiots
why wouldn't they worship the One God of
all creation the picture looks different
when the god you're supposed to be
worshiping is Yahweh Sabbath which means
the God of the armies Yahweh started his
basically the Hebrew version of the
Greek god Ares no wonder he was obsessed
with war and death in the Old Testament
that was back when he was still just
their God of War now the picture made
sense like the ancient Greeks the
Hebrews had a pantheon of gods they
worshiped at least the gods Yahweh bail
and Ashera we have archaeological
evidence of the polytheistic nature of
early Israelite culture in one of our
earliest archaeological artifacts from
Israel from 1000 BCE a polytheistic cult
stand from Tanaka
despite their polytheism there were
among the Israelites some with an
unusually strong devotion to Yahweh in
particular who are now referred to as
yamas in times of peace there was little
motivation for the people of Israel to
give much weight to the opinions of such
radical devotees of Yahweh the tines of
upheaval accelerated their opinions to
the forefront of Hebrew culture after
the death of King Jeroboam ii in about
750 BCE the northern kingdom of israel
was in a state of near Anarchy on top of
this it was
well known that Assyria wish to capture
Israel in its moment of weakness
from this state of the people three
prophets arose Isaiah Amos and Hosea all
three of them cried for devotion to
Yahweh and disparage the worship of
other gods from their prophecies we can
see how each of their versions of Yahweh
had been created in their own image
Isaiah a member of the royal family had
seen yahweh as a king amos a shepherd
had described his own empathy with the
suffering poor to Yahweh Hosea who was
suffering through marriage problems saw
a way as a jilted husband who still
continued to fill a yearning tenderness
for his wife Israel ultimately their
outcry did nothing to save the northern
tribes and they fell to Assyria in 711
BCE but their words lived on in Hebrew
Scripture and the Hebrew imagination the
cult of Yahweh received another boost
during the rule of King Josiah and 622
BCE unlike his predecessors who welcomed
an open pagan vision Josiah was a strict
yahwist
like the prophets before him Josiah was
convinced that Judas social problems
came from a lack of devotion to Yahweh
during renovations to the temple Josiah
high priests ho kyon discovered a lost
book of the law which was alleged to
have been authored by Moses this book
was Deuteronomy and given it's
conveniently timely discovery as well as
its linguistic features the majority
consensus of biblical scholars such as
Richard Elliot Freedman is that it was a
forgery in Deuteronomy a strict and
permanent covenant to Yahweh as well as
a complete rejection of other gods is
established it is commanded of the
Hebrews that they tear down the altars
and smash the idols of other gods in
response to the discovery of Deuteronomy
Josiah and his court implemented
merciless reforms that officially
establish Yahweh is the official god of
Judah the reformers also rewrote
Israelite history the historical books
of joshua judges samuel and kings were
revised according to the new ideology
and later the editors of the Pentateuch
added passages that gave a deuteronomist
interpretation of the exodus map to the
older narratives of J&E the intense
hatred of other gods by Yahweh is firmly
established in the rewritten Hebrew
history the bloody god yahweh has made
even bloodier as he is now said to
commanded joshua to wreak genocide on
the natives of canaan for worshiping
other gods interestingly despite the
enforcement of this strict devotion to
Yahweh monotheism was still not
established the evidence of
deuteronomist passages like you shall
have no other gods before me indicates
that even josiah still believed in the
existence of other gods this was still
polytheism it was just a vicious form of
monal address polytheism that vehemently
rejected the worship of the other gods
but the stage was sent in 604 BCE king
nebuchadnezzar ii rose to power and
babylon it was well known at this time
the nebuchadnezzar sought to conquer
Jerusalem as his armies gathered and
prepared another prophet Jeremiah arose
once again crying that strict devotion
to Yahweh and the rejection of other
gods had been the solution to their
problems except this new prophet was
claiming that it was too late to do
anything about it
Yahweh would use this foreign army as
his instrument to teach his people a
damning lesson like the prophets before
him he rejected his own emotions such as
fury onto Yahweh as Jeremiah predicted
the fall of Jerusalem to Babylon was
inevitable the forces of Babylon were
just too massive and Jerusalem was just
in too weak in disdain the temple was
destroyed the Hebrews were exiled from
their country to live in Babylon the
Babylonian exile had begun their sense
of defeat was devastating polytheistic
gods in ancient Mesopotamia were
associated with specific territories of
land when the Hebrews were exiled to
Babylon they felt they could no longer
connect with Yahweh how can we sing the
songs of Yahweh while in a foreign land
Ezekiel a prophet who arose among the
exiled Hebrews expressed how alienated
the Hebrews had become he too blamed
their plight on the Hebrew people for
lack of devotion to Yahweh
it was then at a time when the Hebrew
people seem most crushed at a time when
it seems certain that the cult of Yahweh
would surely die instead did something
that religion has done throughout
history in order to survive it changed a
new author whose scholars called second
Isaiah arose and his words were appended
to those of the first Isaiah I am the
first and I am the last besides me there
is no God
monotheism was born from this new
monotheistic culture the priestly source
P arises Israelite history is rewritten
once again Exodus is rewritten by P to
say that the el-shaddai worshiped by
Abraham and the Yahweh worshiped by
Moses were the same God any references
to El Elyon
are explained by P is merely different
names for Yahweh the entire Book of
Leviticus is authored Genesis one is
crafted as an improved monotheistic
version of the Babylonian account of
creation second Isaiah rewrites
Babylonian myths that were attributed to
Marduk such as his defeat of the dragon
time an attributing them instead to
Yahweh the Torah is rebranded by P to
look as if it had always been one of the
astute in 600 BCE the God of Western
monotheism the god of Judaism
Christianity and Islam was born once I
knew this my entire perception of the
Bible change once again verses that
never made sense before made sense now
this was the deathblow of monotheism to
me it was the revelation that I could
pick up any one of the millions of
Bibles in America from hotel rooms to
Christian gift shops and see its page is
dripping with polytheism I could see
with my own eyes human beings giving
birth to the monotheistic God
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